Hydraulic pump.



R. JANNEY.

I HYDRAULlC PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a. me.

m. .m E m M rm m m m ma ,r w A, m3

Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2- R.IANNEY.

HYDRAULIC PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. B. \916.

1,287,026. Patented Dec.10, 191s.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. i

REYNOLD JANNEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE WATERBURY TOOL COM PANY, OF WATERBURY. CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

HYDRAULIC PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

To'aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REYNO D' JANNEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to what I shall for convenience term a hydraulic pump. A hydraulic pump involving the invention can be used with advantage in many different connections; for instance it may be incorporated in or form part of a ships steering mechanism or it may be a feeder for a hydraulic engine of any type; obviously these are only two of several illustrations. pump herein described comprises two pump sections each connected by a universal joint of suitable type to shaftmeans, and these pump sections are so related with each other,

which is the primary object of the invention as to deliver a stream of practically constant flow.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification I have illustrated in detail one convenient form of.

embodiment of the invention which will be set forth fully in the following description. As will be clear, I do not restrict myself to this disclosure; I may depart-therefrom in several respects within the scope of the invention defined by the claims following said description.

Referring to said drawings: Figure 1 is a horizontal section of a hydraulic pump involving the invention showing the pump associated with steering mechamsm.

Fig. '2 is a top plan view of said pump. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 33 of Fig. 1,1o0king in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 4 is a detail view of shaft means, and, Fig. 5 a sectional end view of the same. Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrams hereinafter more particularly described.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a modification.

. Like characters refer to like parts throughout. the several views which are on different scales.

In the case of two shafts connected by a universal joint, it is well-known that while the driving shaft may rotate at a constant angular velocity, the angular velocity of The rotation of the driven shaft will not be constant except when the axes of the two shafts are in a straight line. This same proposition applies to any two members rotatively connected by a universal joint; one or both of the members might be in the form of rings or disks or any other shape, the constant speed part being called the 'driving member and the variable speed part being termed the driven member. In the construction shown the driven member is assumed to operate a pump from which a constant flow of liquid is desired at a uniform velocity throughout a complete rotation of a driving member.

The machine, however, may receive a flow of liquid and thus act as an engine, for which reasonI have selected the title given to the invention; That is, it is not necessary always that .it operate as a pump; as may In Letters Patent No. 924,787 issued to me June 15, 1907 is disclosed a variable speed transmission device, sometimes known as a hydraulic variable speed gear. Such an apparatus involves what is considered as an A or pump end and a B'or engine end. While in the pump or equivalent structure constituting the subject matter of the present case any suitable type of pump might be utilized, I prefer, owing to the advantages possible with that shown in said Letters Patent to associate two of the same general type disclosed therein, and these I will describe sufiiciently so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention. Of course, any other suitable type of pump might be substituted for the invention does not concern itself with the use of any specific a ent.

Associated with each pump is a s aft member denoted respectively by 2 and 3.

These shaft members are coaxial, each carwhat I shall consider as shaft means, and by this particular designation I intend to include a continuous shaft or a plurality suitable for the purpose. It may not be necessary in all cases that the shaft members he coaxial, although they are shown as being in this particular relation. As a part of the apparatus is a suitable casing, that denoted by 6 answering satisfactorily in this connection, this casing consisting of two practically duplicate members between which is the mid or valve plate 7 bolted or otherwise suitably connected to the respective sections of the casing or housing. The coaxial shaft members 2 and 3 extend entirely through this housing or casing and also centrally through the mid plate. While as I have observed, it is not necessary that in all cases the shaft members 2 and 3 be coaxial, it is also obvious that it is not necessary that the sections of the casing or housing be in this particular relation, because they might be like the shaft members at angles to each other or otherwise suitably disposed. The mid plate except for the lateral ports hereinafter described is virtually like that of said Letters Patent. It will be understood that the sections of the casing are connected together and to the mid-plate 7 in a liquid-tight manner and that the shaft members one or both also extend through the bearing holes in the ends of the casing by way of liquid-tight gaskets. The shaft members 2 and 3 are continuously driven to effect the necessary action of the respective cooperating pumps, and this result can be obtained in any convenient manner as by an electric motor connected to one of the shaft members for example the shaft member 2.

I will now describe the two umps. Mounted rigidly inthe'casing 6 an abutting the mid or valve plate 7 are cylinder barrels 8 and 9 equipped with pistons as 10 in the manner shown in said Letters Patent. To the pistons are connected the rods 11 terminating at their outer ends in balls 12 to fit sockets 13 in a ring as 14 mounted-for rotation in boxes as 15 supported for tilting movement in the'casing 6 near the opposite ends thereof. These parts 15 are -what are known as tilting boxes. In the mid plate 7 are two segmental ports 16 and 17 extending entirely through the mid plate at opposite sides of a center line, the oil or other liquid being adapted to .pass in circulating. out through one of these two ports and in through the other. For instance in the case of a steering gear, oil or its equivalent will pass through one port to effect the movement of the rudder from neutral, the oil returning to the pump apparatus by way of;the other port or vice versa. The cylinder barrels 8 and 9 of course, rotate with the shaftmembers 2 and 3 as shown in the Letters Patent, and the piston-receiving cylinders register in groups as shown for instance in Fig. 3 with the ports 16 and 17 in the mid-plate as said barrels rotate. This, however, is all shown in the Letters Patent. The two tilting boxes 15 are adapted to occupy a neutral position, and the same statement applies with respect to the socketed rings 14 constituting respectively a part of the said tilting boxes. When this neutral position is occupied, the pistons 10 will, of course, not be reciprocated. When the tilting boxes, however, are moved in one direction from the neutral position, the pistons will be reciprocated, their strokes increasing in proportion to their position away from the neutral so that the oil is delivered with progressively increasing velocity. When the tilting boxes are moved in the opposite direction from the neutral, the direction of flow of the liquid is reversed. This is also fully set forth in the prior Letters Patent.

The socket rings in the tilting boxes, as will of course be understood, have a driving connection with the shaft members 2 and 3, and this is where one ofthe important features of the invention resides, that is in so associating the two pumps of which the tilting boxes and socket rings form a part, with each other, that the pumps practically deliver a stream of uniform flow. I will hereinafter describe suitable means by which the tilting boxes 15 can be operated.

Each of the rings 14 is pivotally connected by coaxial studs as 18 with a ring as 19, the rings 19 surrounding the respective shaft members2 and 3. The studs 18 of the respective rings it will be noted, are at right angles to each other or ninety degrees apart. The shaft members 2 and 3 are equipped with coaxial studs 20 swiveled to the two rings, the studs of the respective shaft members being also at right angles to each other or ninety degrees apart, which is an advantageous way of obtaining the phase relation of the two pumps to which I have already alluded. It Will, of course, be understood that each pair of studs 20 is transverse to the cooperating pair of studs 18, the studs 20 presenting the driving mem ber of a universal joint in each case. WVhen the studs18 of the driven members of the universal joints are in a plane perpendicular to the shafts, the tilting boxes occupy the neutral position, and when the shaft members 2 and 3 are being rotated, the two pairs of studs 20 and 18 and the rings 19 and 14 constituting in each case the driven member will be driven at a constant angular velocity, but the velocity ceases to be constant and the variation in velocity becomes greater as the tilting boxes are moved from their mid or neutral positions. The flow of liquid from each pump separately will vary in the same manner, but the stream pumped jointly by the two pumps will be uniform when the trunnions 20 of the two shafts are disposed at right angles to each other. The two universal joints are considered to be in alinement longitudinally of the machine, but they can be arranged -in any other desired manner so long as the phase relation to which I have referred is obtained,

. .each other.

and this is the important consideration.

To operate the tilting boxes control shafts as 21 and 22 may be provided, and these rotary control shafts may be connected with the respective regulators or tilting boxes in the manner shown in my Patent No. 1,119,- 608 of December 1, 1914. It will, therefore, be clear on the rotation of the control shaft the tilting boxes 15 can be moved to neutral or to positions at either side of the neutral to vary the flow of the pump or the direction of flow of the liquid. These control shafts are preferably connected for simultaneous movement by reason of which the tilting boxes 15 will be moved in unison. Any suitable means may be provided for securing this particular condition, although that shown and now to be described answers satisfactorily. The control shaft 22 is shown equipped with a bevel gear 23 in mesh with the bevel gear 24 at one end of the shaft 25. To the other end of said shaft supported by suitable bearings is connected a 'bevel gear 28 in mesh with the bevel gear 29 on the control shaft 21, the two control shafts as will be noted, being parallel to One of these shafts is shown provided with suitable means for operating it, the hand wheel 30 fastened to the shaft 22 answering satisfactorily in this connection. On the operation of the hand wheel, therefore, the two control shafts 21 and 22 through the described connections can be simultaneously operated to move the tilting boxes or regulators 15 to neutral or to points away from the neutral in either direction to vary the volume of liquid being pumped and necessarily the speed at which the part or parts driven by the pump will be operated and also the direction of movement of said part or parts.

The mid or valve plate 7 has ports 31 and 32 leading from the segmental ports 16 and 17, the pipes or ducts 33 and 34 being tapped or otherwise fitted into the lateral ports 31 and 32 respectively. The pipe 33 discharges into the cylinder 35-, while the pipe 34 discharges into the cylinder 36, the two cylinders being connected by a web 37. In the cylinder 35 is located the piston 38, while the piston 39 is recipro- ..cative in the cylinder 36, the cylinders being connected by the rod 40 shown provided with a pin 41 straddled by the fork 42 at the inner end of the arm 43 projecting in wardly from the head 44 of the rudder. Al-

though both tilting boxes 15 are shown tipped in Fig. 1, I have shown the two pistons or plungers 38 and 39 as occupying their central or neutral positions by full lines in this view, and the same statement applies to the rudder arm 43. With the tilting boxes in the position shown the pistons 10 of the cylinder barrels 9 are assumed to so reciprocate that they will force oil through the port 16 into the pipe 33 by way of the port 31 where it can enter the cylinder 35 and thus act against the piston 38 to move the same, and hence through the described parts the rudder arm 43 to the dotted line positions, the piston 39 being naturally correspondingly moved owing to the fact that oil is being drawn from the cylinder or casing 36 by way of the pipe 34 and port 32 and port 17 on the suction stroke of the pistons. If the tilting boxes be moved from the positions shown to corresponding positions on the other side of the neutral, the reverse action will take place. It will be understood that thcreare sets of pistons simultaneously pumping the streams from opposite directions through the port 16 and that these streams merge or unite, the united stream passing through either the pipe 33 or pipe 34 and, being, as I have already observed, 'of constant volume owing to the described phase relation of the two pumps.

I will now refer to the two diagrams of Figs. 6 and 7 in my further explanation of the structure. If A represents the angle of deviation of the driven shaft from the axis of the driving shaft, and of a and [5 represent respectively the angles rotated through by the driving and driven shafts, the following equation represents the mathematical relations between the two shafts:

tan B=cos A tan a It is evident that [5 gains on a for 90 then loses for the next 90, then gains for 90 and again loses for 90. Four times in each rotation a and B are together.

The term, members, may be used in speak ing of the shafts since they need not bein the form of shafts. One or both of them may be rings or disks. I shall, therefore, refer to the two parts connected by the universal joint as members, the constant speed part bein called the driving member and the variale speed part being called the driven member.

In my. present invention the driven member is supposed to operate a pump from which a constant flow of liquid is desired at a uniform velocity throughout a complete rotation of the driven member. Normally a single pump of this kind will not deliver a another maximum at 270. A velocity cnrve the curve at any point is the rate of flow.

This curve is calculated for a value of 20 for A.

If the pump is made up of a number of pistons or elements connected with the driven member at equal intervals around it, the curve assumes the shape of the heavy v=w sin A cos A u Velocity of piston movement.

o ='Angular velocity of the driving member in radians.

A=Angle between the driving and driven members.

z=Angular position of the driving member at which the piston velocity is desired.

yzAngular location of the pump element connected with the driven member reckoned from one of the universal oint trunmons;

In certain prior patents issued to 'me I have set forth ways of rectifying the velocity curve by properly spacing the elements about the driven member and by using different sizes of pistons in proper combination. But these methods of rectification are carrect, only for a definite angle between the two members, and are only partially correct for a change in the angle. Moreover they do not rectify the scallops and cusps.

An inspection of the curves makes it evident, that. if two pumps of similar design be so connected that their driving members rotate at phases 90 apart, the maximum and minimum parts of the curves will combine to form a straight line of scallops and cusps but do not neutralize the scallops and cusps. This is, the first feature ofmy invention. The second feature relates to the cusps and scallops. If the number of elements in each pump is odd, cusps will be formed at the instant that each element comes into action and also at the instant each element goes out of action. This makes the cusps twice as numerous as the elements. In a nine element pump the cusps are 20 apart. It is evident therefore that if the elements of one pump stand in 10 phase with the elements of the other pump, or half the distance between the cusps, the cusps of the two pumps will break joints with each other, and so partially neutralize each other.

In a nine elementpump the elements are normally 40 apart. 90 is, therefore, two and a quarter times this elemental distance.

If the driving members of the pumps rotate .at 90 phases, the elements of the two pumps sin a cos A cos 'y+cos a sin 'y "scalloped curve in Fig. 7. This is also calcuwill stand at 10 phase to each other, since the quarter distance is 10.

By connecting the driving member of two sin a sin A) similar pumps at a rotary phase of 90 to each other, I, therefore, accomplish the first feature of my invention, namely, the rectify ing of the two maximum and two minimum flows. In some pump designs, I at the same time accomplish the second feature, namely the partial rectification of the cusps and scallops of the flow.

Referring now to Fig. 8 I have shown pumps as 50 arranged in parallelism, each pump comprising a shaft 51 also arranged in parallelism. To drive the shaft 51 which is the equivalent of the shaft members 2 and 3 to which I have already referred, the shaft 52 may be provided, this shaft 52 being geared to the shafts 51 by gearing denoted in a general Way by 53. The shaft 52 may be driven in any desirable manner as by a The formula for the individual motor. In this view are shown pipes as 54 and 55, having branches connected with the lateral ports of the mid plates of the said pumps 50, these pipes 55'functioning exactly like the pipes 33 and 34 to which I have already alluded. The pumps 50 are provided with control shafts exactly like those already described. As a matter of fact the only difference, if it can be called a difference, between the two forms of apparatus is that the pumps shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for instance, are coaxial, whereas those shown in Fig. 8 are side by side. I have only shown two of the many different arrangements. As I have already observed, the apparatus when used as a pump can be used in widely different ways. As an illustration it is shown associated with steering mechanism. 4

What I claim is:

1. The combination of a plurality of 00- operating hydraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each pump comprising a plurality of pistons, and means for operating each series of pistons, each operating means having a universal joint. and each universal joint comprising a driving and a driven member, thedriving memrotative at. such phases to each other as to cause the combined flow of the two pumps to be practically constant.

2. The combination of a plurality of cooperating hydraulic pumps adapted to coldraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each pump comprising a plurality of pistons, a rotative shaft member associated with each pump, universal joints, the driving member of each being connected with a shaft member and the driven member being connected with the cooperative pistons to reciprocate the latter. the two driving members beingrotative at phases approximately ninety degrees to each other, and means for rotating the shaft members substantially in unison.

4. The combination of a plurality of cooperating hydraulic pumps, adapted to collectively pump a stream. each pump comprising a plurality of pistons, means for operating each series of pistons. each operating means having a universal joint and each universal joint comprising a driving and a driven member, and means for effect-. ing the synchronous rotation of the driven members of the joints and at such phases to each other as to cause the combined flow of the pumps to be practically constant.

5. The combination of a plurality of hydraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each pump comprising a plurality of pistons, means for operating each series of pistons, each operating means having a universal joint, and each universal joint comprising a driving and a driven member, and means for effecting the synchronous rotation of the driving members at phases approximately ninety degrees to each other.

6. The combination of a plurality of hydraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each comprising a plurality of pistons, a rotative shaft member associated with each pump, universal joints, each com- )risin a drivm" and a driven member the driving members of the joints being connected with the respective shaft members,

and the driven members being connected with the respective cooperative pistons to reciprocate the latter, the two shafts being associated to cause the driving member of the joints to rotate synchronously with each other. and at phases approximately ninety degrees apart.

7. The combination of a plurality of cooperating hydraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each pump comprising a plurality of pistons, and means comprising driving and driven members for operating each pump, the phases of the driving members being approximately ninety degrees apart.

8. The combination of a plurality of cooperating hydraulic pumps adapted to collectively pump a stream, each pump comprising a. plurality of pistons, and means for efi'ecting the action of the two groups of pistons at phases apart of approximately ninety degrees, to thus cause the pistons to deliver individual merging streams and thus maintain a practically constant flow of the stream created by the combined action of the groups of pistons of said pumps.

In testimony whereof I atfix my signature in the presence oftwo Witnesses. REYN OLD JANNEY.

Witnesses:

HENRY F. Grumman, Jnssm V. LEWIS. 

